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The extraction of natural resources happens from the so-called primitive accumulation, to, among other reasons, supply the human need for energy. Thus, understanding energy as a product, resulting from actions that modify a particular matter and transforming it into a natural resource, allows us to understand, also, the commodification of nature and the spatial and territorial relations undertaken by multinationals related to the energy sector to guarantee sustainable development of the capitalist mode of production itself. This concept - sustainable development - is fundamental to understand neoextractivism as a neoliberal strategy to create new spaces for accumulation and reproduction of capital through accumulation by spoliation, a process that has accentuated the uneven development, territorial fragmentation and economic enclaves, generating new forms of territorial use based on the spatial mobility of foreign capital from the production of mineral commodities. From this juncture we propose the presentation of this article on neoextrativism and accumulation by spoliation of lands in Mozambique generated from Vale S/A.